01. Substation projects Introduction
Let us discuss the purpose of installing new substations.
Why do we need a substation?
It is for,
Voltage conversion
To meet the load demand
To reduce the distance to the load centers
For Grid integration
For Grid stability
Voltage conversion
It is the process of stepping up or stepping down the voltage to the required level. Generation usually occurs between 6.6 or 11 kV, though this may vary at times. This voltage is then stepped up to a higher level and transmitted through overhead lines or underground cables to a receiving station. Similarly, multiple generating stations are connected to the receiving stations. From the receiving station, the voltage is again stepped down to the required level and delivered to the load centers.
Load demand
Power has become an essential necessity in today's world. The demand for electricity is rapidly increasing due to the growth of industries and the rising population in urban and suburban areas. To meet this growing demand, more power needs to be generated. Simultaneously, new substations must be installed, especially considering the distance to the load centers.
Distance to the load centers
Reducing the distance between the generating station and the load centers makes it easier for consumers to access power. Having a nearby station improves efficiency and reliability. In this case, the existing station is connected to a new one, either through underground cables or overhead lines. The new substation supplies power to new plants, industries, and residential areas.
Grid integration
Grid integration involves installing small substations near intermediate power generation sources such as solar, wind, or diesel plants. These substations are connected to the grid to support peak load demands. By integrating in this way, the load on the main generating stations is reduced.
Grid Stability
Grid stability is enhanced by interconnecting multiple substations. This interconnected setup ensures reliable power delivery by maintaining consistent voltage and frequency levels across the network.
For example,
if any feeder such as from substation A to F, A to E, or A to B experiences a fault, the protection system will trip the faulty feeder. Once isolated, the rest of the grid continues to operate stably. In a more critical scenario, if substation A goes out of service due to a busbar fault or scheduled maintenance, the remaining substations will continue to supply power and maintain stability for the connected load.
Ultimately, substation stability means maintaining steady grid voltage and frequency even during disruptions, ensuring uninterrupted and balanced power flow.
